3 Common Cognitive Patterns Experienced by People With ADHD
Psychology Today
by Kerry Chillemi Prof Doc PsychFebruary 23, 2026
AI-Generated Deep Dive Summary
Understanding how the autonomic nervous system influences our behavior and emotional experiences is central to grasping the challenges faced by individuals with ADHD, according to Polyvagal Theory. This theory identifies three primary states—ventral vagal (safe and connected), sympathetic (alert and mobilized), and dorsal vagal (shutdown and immobilized)—that shape how we engage with the world. People with ADHD often experience dysregulation in these systems, leading to heightened stress, emotional contagion, and periods of overwhelming anxiety or shutdown.
In a ventral vagal state, individuals report feeling grounded, curious, and socially engaged, which can enhance creativity and productivity. However, when the sympathetic system is overactivated due to stress or perceived threats, ADHD symptoms like impulsivity, hyperfocus on tasks, and chronic anxiety may emerge. This hypervigilant state can lead to a constant sense of urgency and difficulty concentrating. Conversely, if the body shifts into dorsal vagal mode as a protective response to extreme stress, it triggers shutdown behaviors such as fatigue, brain fog, and psychological withdrawal.
The implications for mental health are significant. Recognizing these autonomic states can help individuals with ADHD identify patterns in their behavior and emotions, fostering self-awareness and better coping strategies. By understanding the interplay between external stimuli and internal physiological responses, those with ADHD can learn to regulate their nervous system more effectively. This awareness is crucial for managing symptoms and improving daily functioning.
Polyvagal Theory also highlights the importance of interventions that promote ventral vagal engagement, such as mindfulness practices, rhythmic activities like yoga or dance, and social connections. These strategies can help individuals shift out of dysregulated states and regain a sense of safety and control. By prioritizing self-care and understanding their nervous system’s responses, people with ADHD can better navigate life’s challenges and find balance in their emotional and mental health.
In summary, Polyvagal Theory offers valuable insights into the lived experiences of those with ADHD, emphasizing the role of autonomic states in shaping behavior and emotions. Recognizing these patterns and implementing strategies to regulate nervous system responses can empower individuals to manage symptoms and improve overall well-being. This understanding is vital for anyone seeking to better grasp ADHD’s complexities and support those living with it.
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Originally published on Psychology Today on 2/23/2026