China’s Afghan Gold Rush Is Turning Deadly
Foreign Policy
by Sarah GodekFebruary 20, 2026
AI-Generated Deep Dive Summary
China’s dominance in Afghanistan’s mining industry since the Taliban takeover in 2021 has turned dangerous, with increasing attacks on Chinese nationals working in the sector. The mines, mostly along the Afghanistan-Tajikistan border, have become hotspots for violence as militants target Chinese workers. Recent cross-border attacks have resulted in multiple deaths and injuries, including at least nine Chinese nationals killed and ten more injured since November 2024.
The surge in Chinese mining activity is driven by high gold prices and informal agreements with local Taliban leaders. However, the lack of regulation has led to clashes between locals, who feel their resources are being exploited, and Chinese miners. Border tensions with Tajikistan have also risen due to river alterations from mining, potentially affecting national boundaries.
While some operations are legally sanctioned, many are ad hoc, contributing to a sense of lawlessness. The Taliban and Tajik government have pledged to enhance security but struggle to prevent attacks. China has advised its citizens to evacuate the area, yet some miners may remain illegally, risking further incidents.
This situation highlights the complex interplay between economic interests and regional stability. For readers interested in politics, it underscores how resource extraction can fuel conflict and complicate diplomatic relations, particularly in volatile regions like Afghanistan.
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Originally published on Foreign Policy on 2/20/2026