COVID’s origins: what we do and don’t know

Nature

by Marietjie Venter

February 25, 2026

AI-Generated Deep Dive Summary

Researchers from the World Health Organization’s Scientific Advisory Group for the Origins of Novel Pathogens (SAGO) have released a comprehensive report on the origins of SARS-CoV-2 after nearly three years of investigation. Their findings suggest that a zoonotic origin, meaning the virus likely jumped from an animal to humans, is the most plausible explanation supported by current evidence. However, the group emphasizes that further data and collaboration are needed to conclusively determine when, where, and how the virus first entered the human population. The SAGO team evaluated all potential scenarios, including the possibility of a lab leak, but found no substantial evidence to support it. Their analysis also considered early cases of COVID-19, animal reservoirs, intermediate hosts, and environmental factors. The group’s report provides a detailed framework for future investigations into emerging pathogens, aiming to enhance global pandemic preparedness. Despite the conclusion that zoonotic transmission is the most likely route, ongoing debates and politicization of the pandemic’s origins have hindered progress. The SAGO members stress that their findings are based on available scientific evidence and independent assessments, not aligned with any political agenda. Their work highlights the importance of maintaining a non-partisan approach to understanding disease emergence. This research matters because pinpointing the virus’s origins is crucial for preventing future pandemics. By identifying zoonotic spillover as the primary hypothesis, scientists can focus on strengthening surveillance systems and promoting One Health initiatives. SAGO’s recommendations also underscore the need for international cooperation in addressing global health threats. The group’s findings not only advance our understanding of COVID-19 but also set a precedent for transparent and collaborative approaches to investigating disease origins. As the world grapples with emerging pathogens, this framework offers a roadmap for building resilience against future epidemics.

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Originally published on Nature on 2/25/2026