Differing immune responses in infants may explain increased severity of RSV over SARS-CoV-2

Medical Xpress

February 26, 2026

AI-Generated Deep Dive Summary

Infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) often experience more severe illness compared to those infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. A study published in *Science Translational Medicine* reveals that these two respiratory viruses trigger distinct immune responses, which may explain why their clinical outcomes differ significantly. Researchers from St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and The Jackson Laboratory (JAX) conducted the study, identifying key differences in how each virus interacts with the immune system. The research highlights that RSV tends to provoke a stronger inflammatory response in young infants, contributing to more severe respiratory symptoms. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 appears to elicit a different immune profile, potentially leading to less severe illness in this age group. These findings underscore the importance of understanding how each virus affects the developing immune system and why treatment strategies may need to differ between the two. The study also emphasizes the need for targeted approaches to managing RSV and SARS-CoV-2 infections in infants. By pinpointing the specific ways these viruses manipulate the immune response, scientists could develop more effective treatments or preventive measures tailored to each virus. This research not only advances our understanding of pediatric respiratory infections but also opens new avenues for improving outcomes in young patients. For parents and healthcare providers, this information highlights the importance of early recognition and specialized care for infants with RSV. The findings also stress the need for continued research into the unique challenges posed by these viruses, particularly in vulnerable populations like young children. By addressing these gaps in knowledge, we can work toward better prevention and treatment strategies to protect infants from severe respiratory illness. Ultimately, this study serves as a reminder of how much there is still to learn about viral infections in early life and their impact on health outcomes.

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Originally published on Medical Xpress on 2/26/2026