Down syndrome study sheds new light on early brain development
Medical Xpress
February 20, 2026
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A groundbreaking study led by researchers at Queen Mary University of London and University College London (UCL) has revealed new insights into how brain development differs in individuals with Down syndrome. The research, published in *Nature Communications*, focuses on the genetic factor behind Down syndrome—trisomy 21, where an extra copy of chromosome 21 affects neural connections. The study found that brain cells with this condition struggle to form strong, coordinated connections, potentially influencing early developmental challenges.
The team discovered that neurons with trisomy 21 exhibited weaker communication and coordination compared to typical neurons. This disruption in connectivity was linked to altered gene expression patterns, which may contribute to the cognitive delays often observed in Down syndrome. Using cultures of human brain cells and mouse models, the researchers demonstrated how this genetic anomaly impacts neural network formation and function.
This finding is significant for several reasons. First, it offers a deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying Down syndrome, potentially paving the way for earlier interventions. While current treatments focus on managing symptoms, this
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Originally published on Medical Xpress on 2/20/2026