Downhill skiing’s biggest hurdle? Friction.
Popular Science
by Andrew PaulFebruary 13, 2026
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Downhill skiing’s biggest challenge isn’t just speed or skill—it’s friction. While athletes rely on their physical prowess and equipment to win, the science of friction plays a critical role in determining their performance. Modern skis have evolved significantly since the 1964 Winter Olympics, with advancements in design and materials making them faster and more efficient. The key to maximizing speed lies in minimizing friction between the ski and snow. Northwestern University physicist Stefan Kautsch explains that smoother surfaces reduce friction coefficients, allowing racers to glide faster. This principle highlights how understanding physics can give athletes a competitive edge.
The shape of skis is tailored to specific conditions, with straighter, longer skis suited for wide turns and shorter, curvier ones for tighter maneuvers. However, regardless of the design, reducing friction remains the top priority. Kautsch compares this concept using a simple experiment: two Lego bricks sliding down an incline. Both reach the bottom at the same time, but smoother surfaces like plastic reduce resistance further, speeding them up. This demonstrates that it’s not just about the width or size of the ski, but the smoothness of its material.
Friction is a fundamental force in skiing, as it directly impacts speed and control. While other factors like aerodynamics and weight distribution also play a role, minimizing friction allows racers to maintain higher speeds with greater stability. The science behind friction isn’t just theoretical—it has real-world applications in sports technology. By optimizing equipment for lower resistance, athletes can achieve better performance on the slopes.
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Originally published on Popular Science on 2/13/2026