Early hydrocortisone treatment can protect extremely premature babies from lung disease

Medical Xpress

February 19, 2026

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Early hydrocortisone treatment for extremely premature babies significantly improves their chances of survival and reduces the risk of developing serious lung diseases, according to a groundbreaking study led by researchers at Linköping University. The research, published in *JAMA Network Open*, highlights that administering hydrocortisone early in the infants' care can lead to better outcomes without posing significant risks. This finding offers hope for improving neonatal health and reducing long-term complications associated with prematurity. The study focused on babies born before 28 weeks of gestation, a group particularly vulnerable to respiratory issues due to underdeveloped lungs. By treating these infants with hydrocortisone within the first 24 hours after birth, researchers observed a notable reduction in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease common in premature babies. This treatment not only enhanced survival rates but also minimized the need for mechanical ventilation and other interventions typically required for severe respiratory distress. One of the most critical aspects of this research is its emphasis on early intervention. Administering hydrocortisone promptly helps stabilize the infants' breathing and reduces inflammation, which is a primary contributor to BPD. The study’s authors stress that this approach is both safe and effective, offering a promising new avenue for neonatal care. This treatment could potentially revolutionize how hospitals manage extremely premature babies, particularly in settings where access to advanced neonatal care is limited. The implications of this research extend beyond immediate health outcomes. By reducing the incidence of BPD, hydrocortisone treatment can also lower long-term health complications and economic burdens associated with chronic lung diseases. For families of premature infants, this breakthrough means greater peace of mind and improved quality of life for their children as they grow. The study’s findings underscore the importance of evidence-based approaches in neonatal medicine and pave the way for further research into similar treatments for other preterm-related conditions.

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Originally published on Medical Xpress on 2/19/2026