How a greening Arctic might be kick-starting a dangerous feedback loop

Grist

by Matt Simon

February 24, 2026

AI-Generated Deep Dive Summary

The Arctic is undergoing a dramatic transformation as its landscapes grow greener, with peatlands expanding in areas that have experienced rapid warming and increased precipitation. These wetland ecosystems, rich in organic matter, act as massive carbon sinks, storing vast amounts of carbon that could otherwise contribute to global warming if released into the atmosphere. However, this expansion is not without risks: the growing peatlands could eventually release stored carbon through decomposition or combustion, potentially accelerating climate change. The study highlights how Arctic greening—driven by rising temperatures and reduced sea ice—encourages the northward spread of plant species, particularly shrubs and sphagnum moss. This vegetation thrives in waterlogged conditions, which are becoming more common as precipitation increases and permafrost thaws. The resulting peatlands create a self-sustaining feedback loop: their water-retaining properties promote further growth, while the thawing of frozen soil releases ancient carbon that has been locked away for centuries. The researchers found evidence of peatland expansion across regions where these conditions are favorable, with areas of newly formed peat covering more ground than at any time in the past three centuries. This growth is concerning because it could exacerbate climate change by unlocking stored carbon and releasing planet-warming gases like CO2 and methane into the atmosphere. The study also notes that extreme dry years have already seen peatlands go up in flames, further contributing to carbon release. For readers concerned about climate change, this research underscores the delicate balance of Arctic ecosystems and their role in global carbon cycles. While peatlands

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Originally published on Grist on 2/24/2026