How China’s Communist Party seized power in 1949
The Economist
February 26, 2026
AI-Generated Deep Dive Summary
The rise of China's Communist Party to power in 1949 was not driven by popular support but rather by brute force and external intervention. According to historian Frank Dikötter, communism in China was far from a grassroots movement; it was imposed on the population through military might. The Party’s victory was heavily reliant on Soviet assistance, which transformed a weary guerrilla force into a well-equipped and formidable army following World War II.
The post-war period marked a turning point for the Communist Party. With Soviet support, China received extensive military aid, training, and resources, enabling it to overpower rival forces and consolidate control. This shift underscored the importance of external alliances and geopolitical dynamics in shaping China’s trajectory. The Soviet Union’s influence extended beyond military support, playing a pivotal role in establishing the Communist regime.
Understanding this history is crucial for businesses seeking to navigate China’s economic landscape. The roots of China’s current political and business environment can be traced back to its violent origins under the Communist Party. This context highlights the enduring impact of external influences and authoritarian consolidation on Chinese policies, offering insights into the country’s strategic decisions and challenges in global trade and governance.
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Originally published on The Economist on 2/26/2026