How ‘smog capital of Poland’ saved 6,000 lives by cutting soot levels

The Guardian World

by Ajit Niranjan

February 20, 2026

AI-Generated Deep Dive Summary

Kraków, once notorious for its heavy smog, has made significant strides in improving air quality by implementing strict policies. The city banned the burning of solid fuels and introduced subsidies for cleaner heating systems, leading to a dramatic reduction in soot levels and improved public health. Marcel Mazur, an allergy specialist who grew up in Kraków and now treats patients struggling with breathing issues, recalls the thick smoke that filled the air as a child. He emphasizes the difficulty of addressing such long-standing environmental challenges but highlights the progress made through these measures. The city’s efforts have not only cleared the air but also saved lives. By cutting soot levels, Kraków has reduced respiratory problems and hospital admissions linked to poor air quality. The ban on solid fuel burning, combined with financial incentives for residents to switch to cleaner heating sources, has significantly decreased pollution. This approach demonstrates how targeted policies can effectively tackle environmental and health crises. Kraków’s success serves as a model for other cities grappling with air pollution. The city’s ability to balance public health concerns with practical solutions shows the importance of strong policy implementation and community engagement. By prioritizing cleaner energy alternatives, Kraków has proven that even in challenging circumstances, meaningful change is possible. The story of Kraków’s transformation underscores the global need to address air pollution, which remains a pressing issue in many cities worldwide. As Marcel Mazur reflects, while the journey is difficult, it is far from impossible. Kraków’s example offers hope and inspiration for other regions looking to improve air quality and protect public health.

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Originally published on The Guardian World on 2/20/2026