Just pull a string to turn these tile patterns into useful 3D structures

MIT Technology Review

by Adam Zewe

February 24, 2026

AI-Generated Deep Dive Summary

MIT researchers have introduced a groundbreaking method inspired by kirigami—a Japanese paper-cutting technique—to transform flat sheets of interconnected tiles into functional 3D structures with just a single pull of a string. This innovative approach, developed by the Algorithmic Design Group at CSAIL, allows users to design complex 3D objects like foldable bike helmets, medical devices, and emergency shelters. The algorithm converts user-specified designs into flat patterns that can be easily actuated, making deployment simple and efficient. The method relies on a two-step process: first identifying the minimal points where the string must lift to achieve the desired shape, then calculating the shortest path with minimal friction. This ensures smooth actuation while maintaining structural integrity. The resulting patterns can be manufactured using various techniques, including 3D printing or CNC milling, enabling widespread applications from tiny medical devices to large-scale architectural structures. This breakthrough is particularly significant for AI and tech enthusiasts as it demonstrates how algorithms can optimize real-world solutions with minimal complexity. By automating the design process, the technique reduces costs and enhances efficiency in manufacturing and deployment. Potential future applications include self-deploying mechanisms for space habitats on Mars or medical devices that can actuate internally. The researchers have already prototyped diverse objects, from a human-scale chair to an igloo-like shelter, showcasing the versatility of their approach. Their long-term goals include exploring designs at both micro and macro scales, as well as developing self-deploying systems that eliminate the need for manual activation. This method not only pushes the boundaries of AI in design but also opens new possibilities for innovation across industries, from healthcare to disaster relief.

Verticals

aitechscience

Originally published on MIT Technology Review on 2/24/2026