Mercury fallout: What coal emissions do to people
Deutsche Welle
February 23, 2026
AI-Generated Deep Dive Summary
Coal-fired power plants are a significant contributor to mercury contamination, posing serious risks to human health and the environment. Mercury, a potent neurotoxin, can cause lifelong damage to vital organs such as the brain, lungs, and skin. Children are particularly vulnerable, facing severe developmental impairments from exposure. Released when fossil fuels like coal are burned, mercury remains in the atmosphere for months, eventually entering water systems, plants, and animals, where it accumulates in the food chain. This bioaccumulation poses serious health risks to humans who consume contaminated fish or shellfish.
The U.S. government has granted nearly 70 coal plants waivers to exceed air pollution limits, including mercury emissions, citing economic concerns. However, a 2024 EPA assessment highlights that stricter regulations could save $390 billion in healthcare costs over two decades and prevent around 11,000 premature deaths annually. Technical measures, such as those implemented during the Biden administration, have shown success in reducing mercury emissions by up to 90%. Despite these efforts, coal's role in driving climate change further complicates the issue, as melting permafrost could release trapped mercury and heat-trapping gases, exacerbating global health and environmental risks.
The problem extends beyond air pollution. Mercury exposure is linked to long-term consequences once it enters the body, where it cannot be broken down. Communities near coal plants, particularly marginalized or economically disadvantaged groups, bear the brunt of these health risks. A nationwide U.S. study found that up to 19 million people who frequently eat self-caught fish may face mercury exposure at harmful levels. The ongoing threat of climate change and coal's continued use highlight the urgent need for robust regulations and technical solutions to mitigate mercury emissions and protect public health.
In summary, while coal remains a critical energy source in some regions, its impact on human health and the environment cannot be ignored. Stricter regulations and technological advancements can significantly reduce mercury emissions, preventing long-term harm to vulnerable populations. The stakes are high, as mercury
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Originally published on Deutsche Welle on 2/23/2026