Mysterious Greek inscription reignites debate on whether a Syrian mosque stands atop Roman Emperor Elagabalus' Temple
Phys.org
February 23, 2026
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A recently uncovered Greek inscription at the Great Mosque of Homs in Syria has reignited a long-standing academic debate about the exact location of the Temple of the Sun, once served by Elagabalus, who rose to become a Roman emperor in the third century AD. This discovery, found etched into the base of a column within the mosque, has prompted scholars to reconsider the historical timeline and religious significance of the site.
Elagabalus, born as Varius Avitus Bassianus, was a high priest from the Syrian town of Emesa before ascending to the imperial throne in 218 AD. His temple, dedicated to the sun god Elagabal, was one of Rome’s most grandiose temples and a focal point of religious and cultural life during his reign. However, the exact location of this temple has been shrouded in mystery for centuries, with debates continuing about whether it lies beneath the current Great Mosque or elsewhere in the region.
The discovery of the inscription offers fresh clues that could help pinpoint the temple’s original location. This find not only sheds light on Roman history but also highlights the interconnected layers of religious and cultural evolution in the region. The debate underscores the importance of understanding how ancient sites transitioned from Roman to Christian and eventually Islamic use, offering valuable insights into the interplay between religion, culture, and power over millennia.
For those interested in science and history, this development matters because it bridges the study of ancient civilizations with modern religious structures. By examining such inscriptions, researchers can piece together fragments of the past, revealing how empires, religions, and cultures have shaped one another across centuries. This discovery also underscores the potential for archaeological finds to transform our understanding of historical narratives, even in regions marked by political instability and conflict.
Ultimately, the inscription at Homs serves as a reminder of the enduring legacy of Roman Syria in the broader context of global history. It invites us to reflect on how ancient sites continue to inspire wonder and spark debate,
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Originally published on Phys.org on 2/23/2026