New drug target discovered for devastating “brain on fire” disease
Science Daily
February 25, 2026
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Scientists have identified specific binding sites on NMDA receptors where harmful antibodies attach in cases of "Brain on Fire" disease. This breakthrough could pave the way for new treatments targeting these regions, potentially offering more precise and effective therapies than current immunosuppressive approaches.
The study, conducted by researchers at Oregon Health & Science University and published in *Science Advances*, used advanced cryo-EM imaging to pinpoint where anti-NMDA receptor antibodies bind. By analyzing both mouse models and human samples, they discovered that nearly all antibodies targeted a single, highly accessible domain of the receptor. This finding could help pharmaceutical companies develop drugs to block these damaging interactions.
The research highlights the importance of focusing on antibody binding sites as a critical area for disease progression. Current treatments often fail to provide lasting relief, leaving many patients vulnerable to relapse. By targeting these specific regions, future therapies may offer a more precise approach, potentially improving patient outcomes.
This discovery not only advances understanding of "Brain on Fire" but also opens
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Originally published on Science Daily on 2/25/2026