Scientists finally explain why chronic constipation treatments often fail
Science Daily
February 19, 2026
AI-Generated Deep Dive Summary
Scientists have identified a bacterial duo that may be behind chronic constipation, offering new insights into its causes and potential treatments. Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron work together to break down the protective mucus layer in the colon, leading to dry and hard stools. This discovery explains why traditional laxatives, which focus on stimulating gut movement, often fail to provide relief for those with chronic constipation.
The study, published in *Gut Microbes*, revealed that these bacteria dismantle the mucus barrier in a two-step process. First, B. thetaiotaomicron removes sulfate groups from mucin, stripping away its protective layer. This allows A. muciniphila to digest the exposed mucin, leaving the colon dry and stool difficult to pass. This mechanism highlights how gut bacteria play a significant role in chronic constipation, particularly in conditions like Parkinson's disease.
Parkinson's patients often experience constipation years before other symptoms like tremors, and higher levels of these mucus-degrading bacteria have been found in such individuals. While constipation in Parkinson's was previously linked to nerve damage, this research suggests that gut bacteria may also contribute to its development. This connection opens new avenues for understanding and treating early symptoms of the disease.
The researchers tested a potential solution by modifying B. thetaiotaomicron to disable its sulfatase enzyme, which is crucial for breaking down mucin. When introduced into germ-free mice along with A. muciniphila, these altered bacteria failed to cause constipation, as the mucus layer remained intact. This experiment points to a promising new treatment strategy: targeting bacterial enzymes that disrupt the mucus barrier.
For millions suffering from chronic constipation, including those with Parkinson's, this breakthrough could lead to more effective therapies. By protecting the colon's mucus layer and addressing the root cause—gut bacteria—the focus shifts from symptom relief to tackling the underlying issue. This approach could revolutionize how chronic constipation is treated, offering hope for patients who have not found success with conventional methods.
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Originally published on Science Daily on 2/19/2026