Semaglutide may increase risk for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Medical Xpress
February 24, 2026
AI-Generated Deep Dive Summary
A new study published in *JAMA Ophthalmology* reveals that individuals with type 2 diabetes who begin treatment with semaglutide may face more than double the risk of developing nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) compared to those who start sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is). NAION, a condition characterized by sudden vision loss due to reduced blood flow to the optic nerve, is a rare but serious eye disorder. The findings suggest that while semaglutide has been widely used for its benefits in managing diabetes and promoting weight loss, this potential side effect could have significant implications for patient care.
Semaglutide belongs to a class of medications known as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, which are commonly prescribed for their ability to lower blood sugar levels and aid in weight management. The study highlights that the increased risk of NAION is specific to semaglutide and not observed with SGLT2 inhibitors, another popular class of diabetes medications. This distinction underscores the importance of understanding the unique safety profiles of different diabetes treatments.
The research analyzed data from a large database of patients with type 2 diabetes, comparing those who initiated semaglutide to those who began SGLT2 inhibitors. The results showed that the risk of NAION was significantly higher among users of semaglutide. While the absolute risk remains low, the study emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to weigh the benefits and risks of these medications carefully, especially in patients with existing eye conditions or those at higher risk for vascular issues.
This study adds to a growing body of evidence highlighting the importance of monitoring for rare but serious side effects associated with diabetes medications. NAION is often linked to factors such as high blood pressure, older age, and certain underlying health conditions. The findings underscore the need for patients and healthcare providers to stay informed about the potential risks of GLP-1 agonists like semaglutide.
For individuals with type 2 diabetes, this news may influence treatment decisions in consultation with their healthcare provider. While semaglutide offers significant benefits in managing blood sugar levels and promoting weight loss, patients should be aware of the potential risk of NAION and discuss any concerns about their eye health during regular check-ups. The study also highlights the importance of ongoing research to better understand the safety profiles of diabetes medications and to identify patients who may be at higher risk for such complications.
In conclusion, this study serves as a reminder that while medications like semaglutide are highly effective in managing type 2 diabetes, they are not without risks. Patients should work closely with their healthcare
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Originally published on Medical Xpress on 2/24/2026