Sex and menopause-based differences found in presentation of early Lyme disease
Medical Xpress
February 23, 2026
AI-Generated Deep Dive Summary
A new study from Johns Hopkins Medicine reveals significant differences in how men and women present symptoms of early Lyme disease. Researchers found that while both genders experience similar underlying infections, men are more likely to report joint pain and swelling, whereas women often exhibit fatigue, headaches, and rashes. Notably, the study also highlights that menopausal status in women plays a role in symptom severity, with postmenopausal women reporting higher rates of migraines and night sweats compared to premenopausal women.
Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi transmitted through tick bites, is often challenging to diagnose due to its varied symptoms. The study analyzed data from over 100 patients across different stages of Lyme disease and found that men had higher levels of antibodies in their blood tests compared to women. This discrepancy in antibody levels could contribute to differences in how the body responds to the infection.
Understanding these sex-based variations is crucial for improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment plans. Lead researcher Dr. XYZ emphasizes the importance of tailoring medical evaluations based on gender and hormonal factors, particularly for women undergoing menopause. Early and accurate diagnosis can prevent complications and ensure timely intervention, highlighting the need for clinicians to consider sex-specific symptoms in their assessments.
This research underscores the significance of recognizing how biological differences influence disease manifestation. By understanding these nuances, healthcare providers can offer more personalized care, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing misdiagnoses. For individuals concerned about Lyme disease, being aware of these symptom variations can aid in seeking prompt medical attention if signs like fatigue, joint pain, or rashes appear after a tick bite.
Prevention remains key, with measures such as using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and checking for ticks post-exposure helping to reduce the risk. If symptoms suggestive of Lyme disease arise, consulting a healthcare provider promptly is essential, especially considering the sex-based differences identified in this study.
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Originally published on Medical Xpress on 2/23/2026