The Fearful Brain
Psychology Today
by David Richo Ph.D.February 24, 2026
AI-Generated Deep Dive Summary
Fear is a deeply ingrained response rooted in our brain’s primitive systems, particularly the amygdala, which triggers fight, flight, or freeze reactions during perceived threats. These responses are immediate and powerful, often overriding rational thought by shutting down the prefrontal cortex—the part of the brain responsible for reasoning and judgment. This explains why fear can make us feel powerless, as if we’re reliving past traumas in the present moment, unable to access our full mental capacity.
However, neuroscience offers hope through the concept of neuroplasticity, which allows us to rewire our habitual neurological patterns. By pausing between stimulus and reaction—through mindfulness or other practices—we can regain control over our responses. This pause enables choice rather than reflexive fear-driven actions, allowing us to remember we are in the present and not victims of past experiences.
Understanding and managing fear matters deeply for mental health, as it empowers individuals to break free from cycles of anxiety and trauma. By embracing mindfulness and compassion, we can retrain our brains to respond more adaptively, fostering resilience and reducing the grip of fear on our lives. This approach not only enhances emotional well-being but also underscores the importance of self-healing and non-violent love in overcoming psychological challenges.
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Originally published on Psychology Today on 2/24/2026