The war against PDFs is heating up

The Economist

February 24, 2026

AI-Generated Deep Dive Summary

The future of the PDF is under scrutiny as artificial intelligence (AI) reshapes document sharing and creation. Once celebrated for its universal compatibility, this 30-year-old format now faces challenges from AI-driven tools that promise faster, more dynamic alternatives. While the PDF has dominated digital documents since its 1993 debut, critics argue it may struggle to keep up with the demands of modern technology. Adobe's PDF once faced skepticism but rose to prominence after being adopted by major institutions like the IRS. Initially dismissed as impractical due to slow download speeds and rendering issues, the format became a standard thanks to its cross-platform compatibility. Today, trillions of PDFs exist online, from tax forms to academic papers. Yet, the rise of AI tools for document generation and editing is casting doubt on its longevity. AI-powered tools like chatbots and generative software are making it easier to create and share documents in more dynamic formats. While some argue that these innovations could render PDFs obsolete, others see potential for coexistence. The format's enduring appeal lies in its simplicity and universality, qualities that remain valuable in a world of rapidly evolving technology. For businesses, the PDF's future matters because it impacts document workflows, security, and interoperability across systems. While AI tools offer efficiency gains, they also introduce risks like inconsistent formatting or compatibility issues. Companies are cautiously exploring these new options while weighing the stability of tried-and-true standards. Ultimately, whether the PDF survives the AI revolution depends on its ability to adapt. Adobe is already integrating AI into its document solutions, enhancing features like auto-tagging and accessibility. Despite this, the format's dominance may wane as more businesses embrace cutting-edge tools that promise greater efficiency and innovation. Readers interested in business and technology should care because the PDF's evolution—or decline—will shape how we handle digital documents for years to come. Balancing tradition with progress is key, as companies navigate a rapidly changing digital landscape.

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Originally published on The Economist on 2/24/2026