These shy, scaly anteaters are the most trafficked mammals in the world
Phys.org
February 21, 2026
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Pangolins, the shy, scaly anteaters native to parts of Africa and Asia, are under severe threat due to their status as the most trafficked mammal in the world. These unique animals are hunted primarily for their scales, which are highly valued in traditional medicine and luxury products. Despite lacking scientific evidence supporting their medicinal claims, pangolins remain a prime target for poachers, with their scales fetching high prices on black markets. Conservationists are raising awareness about their plight on World Pangolin Day, emphasizing the urgent need to protect these elusive creatures before they vanish.
Pangolins are fascinating animals, characterized by their protective keratinous scales and long snouts used for scooping up ants and termites—their primary food source. They are highly sensitive to environmental changes and thrive in diverse habitats, including forests, grasslands, and deserts. However, their ability to adapt has not been enough to shield them from the devastating effects of wildlife trafficking. The demand for pangolin parts is driven by cultural beliefs in some Asian countries, where their scales are thought to cure ailments ranging from skin conditions to cancer.
The scale trade has pushed pangolins to the brink of extinction across many regions. Even though they were recently reclassified as critically endangered under the IUCN Red List, their populations continue to decline due to habitat destruction and illegal hunting. Conservation efforts focus on enforcing stricter penalties for wildlife traffickers, raising public awareness about the lack of evidence supporting traditional uses of pangolin products, and promoting sustainable alternatives.
The significance of protecting pangolins extends beyond their immediate survival. These animals play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem balance by controlling ant and termite populations, which can otherwise cause significant damage to forests and crops. Their unique biology also offers valuable insights into evolutionary studies, as pangolins are the only mammals with such specialized scales and belong to an ancient group of creatures that predate modern placental mammals.
For readers interested in science, the story of pangolins highlights the interconnectedness of biodiversity and human activities. It underscores the importance of conservation not just for the sake of endangered species but also for
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Originally published on Phys.org on 2/21/2026