What causes depression? What we know, don't know and suspect
Medical Xpress
February 22, 2026
AI-Generated Deep Dive Summary
Depression is a complex and deeply personal condition that goes beyond occasional sadness or grief. Unlike temporary low moods, major depressive disorder is persistent and can significantly disrupt daily life, affecting work, relationships, and overall well-being. Understanding its causes is crucial for addressing this widespread issue.
The exact causes of depression are not fully understood but likely involve a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. For instance, family history and brain chemistry imbalances have been linked to higher risk. Additionally, life events like trauma, stress, or substance abuse can trigger depressive episodes in vulnerable individuals. However, many questions remain unanswered, particularly about how these factors interact and why some people develop depression while others do not.
Despite gaps in knowledge, researchers are actively exploring potential causes. Emerging studies suggest that inflammation, gut health, and even viral infections might play a role in depression. Additionally, advancements in brain imaging are helping scientists better understand how different regions of the brain communicate—or fail to—when depression is present.
This matters because understanding the roots of depression can lead to more effective treatments tailored to individual needs. It also helps reduce stigma by framing depression as a medical condition influenced by multiple factors rather than a personal failing. As research continues, greater clarity could pave the way for innovative therapies and better support systems for those affected.
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Originally published on Medical Xpress on 2/22/2026