Why do female caribou have antlers? Arctic study points to nutrition
Phys.org
February 25, 2026
AI-Generated Deep Dive Summary
Biologists have long puzzled over the unique trait of female caribou having antlers, a phenomenon not seen in other deer species. A groundbreaking study from the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge has uncovered a surprising connection between nutrition and antler growth in female caribou. By analyzing shed antlers collected from calving grounds, researchers discovered that access to high-quality forage during pregnancy plays a critical role in whether females develop antlers. This nutritional advantage allows them to grow larger antlers than their smaller counterparts, giving them an edge during the competitive mating season.
The study, published in *Ecology and Evolution*, challenges previous theories that focused solely on evolutionary factors like competition or thermoregulation. Instead, it highlights the importance of environmental conditions, particularly in nutrient-rich areas like Arctic wetlands. Female caribou in these regions can secure the energy and minerals needed to grow antlers, which are typically shed each year after the mating season concludes.
This research not only sheds light on a long-standing biological mystery but also underscores the intricate relationship between animal behavior and their environment. Understanding how nutrition influences physical traits like antler growth could have broader implications for studying other species in similar ecosystems. For science enthusiasts, this study adds to our knowledge of evolutionary adaptations and highlights the importance of habitat quality in shaping animal physiology.
The findings also emphasize the delicate balance of Arctic ecosystems, where even minor changes in environmental conditions can impact wildlife survival strategies. By focusing on nutrition as a driving factor, the study offers new insights into how caribou have evolved to thrive in some of the harshest environments on Earth. This research not only satisfies scientific curiosity but also reinforces the need for conservation efforts aimed at preserving these vital habitats.
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Originally published on Phys.org on 2/25/2026