Why Does Therapy Keep Reinventing Itself?

Psychology Today

by Mark Shelvock, RP, MACP, MA

February 23, 2026

AI-Generated Deep Dive Summary

Psychotherapy has undergone a remarkable evolution over the past century, with new theories and approaches seemingly emerging endlessly. From Freud’s pioneering work on the unconscious to modern-day mindfulness and trauma-informed care, each generation of therapists has reinterpreted foundational human questions through the lens of its time. Yet, as the field progresses, it often revisits old ideas in new forms—mindfulness drawing from ancient contemplative practices, somatic therapies reconnecting mind and body, and attachment theory reviving insights from early psychoanalysis. This cyclical nature raises important questions about innovation versus repetition in therapy. The article highlights how cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), once seen as a groundbreaking revolution, actually repackages enduring psychological principles into scientifically validated frameworks. Research shows that even CBT’s success often depends on relational and emotional engagement, echoing principles from psychodynamic approaches. This suggests that therapeutic innovation may sometimes be more about rebranding familiar concepts than creating entirely new ones. Therapy’s role extends beyond symptom relief; it functions as a cultural institution helping individuals navigate existential questions—suffering, identity, meaning, and relationships—that were once addressed by religion and philosophy. In an increasingly fragmented world, psychotherapy has become a primary space for exploring these deep human concerns, translating them into the language of modern psychology. The field’s evolution closely mirrors broader social changes. Freud emerged in a repressive Victorian era, while mid-20th-century behaviorism reflected a culture obsessed with scientific control and efficiency. In contrast, today’s therapies reflect our age of economic instability, digital connectivity, and heightened awareness of trauma and nervous system regulation.

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Originally published on Psychology Today on 2/23/2026