Why Kind People Join Cruel Crowds: Risk of Collective Sadism
Psychology Today
by Suzanne Degges-White Ph.D.February 13, 2026
AI-Generated Deep Dive Summary
Collective sadism, the phenomenon where kind individuals are drawn into cruel group behaviors, is a growing concern in modern society. The article explores how even people with empathetic tendencies can succumb to collective cruelty when influenced by factors like emotional contagion, deindividuation, and a sense of moral righteousness within groups. It highlights that while sadism is often seen as an individual trait, it can manifest on a larger scale through shared emotions, group identity, and cultural narratives.
The article identifies four distinct expressions of sadism: spineless, tyrannical, enforcing, and explosive, each driven by different psychological needs. While not everyone in a crowd is inherently cruel, many may possess mild sadistic tendencies, such as enjoying others’ misfortune or engaging in small acts of humiliation. However, collective sadism becomes dangerous when groups amplify these behaviors, often under the guise of shared beliefs or power dynamics.
Research shows that people are biologically programmed to absorb emotions from those around them, a process known as emotional contagion. This can lead individuals to adopt harmful behavior simply because they’re part of a group. Deindividuation further reduces personal accountability, making it easier for people to engage in actions they might never consider alone. Additionally, the illusion of moral righteousness allows individuals to justify their actions by aligning with a larger cause or leader.
The article also points to power hunger and the need to belong as key drivers of collective sadism. In groups, individuals often seek a sense of agency or importance, especially if following a charismatic leader. This dynamic can normalize harmful behavior, making it seem acceptable or even righteous within the group context.
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Originally published on Psychology Today on 2/13/2026